Etude comparative de protocoles de vaccination contre la maladie de Newcastle dans les élevages modernes de poules pondeuses au Sénégal

Plusieurs protocoles de vaccination contre la maladie de Newcastle sont utilisés au Sénégal sur les poulettes futures pondeuses en élevage moderne. Cependant, chaque année, cette virose se manifeste par des mortalités ou des chutes de ponte qui grèvent le budget des exploitants de la filière. Afin de déterminer l'efficacité de la prophylaxie médicale mise en oeuvre, il a donc été procédé à une comparaison des différents schémas de vaccination dans les conditions réelles de production. Il s'avère que les programmes vaccinaux comportant essentiellement des vaccins vivants fournissent une moins bonne protection que ceux qui ont recours aux vaccins inactivés huileux injectables, sans doute à cause du manque de technicité dans l'administration des vaccins vivants. Une primo vaccination associant un vaccin vivant administré individuellement par trempage du bec et une injection de vaccin inactivé huileux procure une bonne protection pendant les dix premières semaines de la vie. Une nouvelle injection à cette période permet d'assurer une couverture pendant toute la durée de l'élevage de la poulette et améliore l'effet de la vaccination par injection à l'entrée en ponte. Dès lors, aucun rappel n'est nécessaire jusqu'à la réforme des pondeuses. (Résumé d'auteur

From cell lines to pluripotent Stem Cells for Modelling Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra that contributes to the main motor symptoms of the disease. At present, even if several advancements have been done in the last decades, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are far to be fully understood. Accordingly, the establishment of reliable in vitro experimental models to investigate the early events of the pathogenesis represents a key issue in the field. However, to mimic and reproduce in vitro the complex neuronal circuitry involved in PD-associated degeneration of DAergic neurons still remains a highly challenging issue. Here we will review the in vitro PD models used in the last 25 years of research, ranging from cell lines, primary rat or mice neuronal cultures to the more recent use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and, finally, the development of 3D midbrain organoids

Computed tomography of solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura abutting the mediastinum: A diagnostic challenge

Background: Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) arising from the mediastinal pleura may be confused with primary mediastinal tumors. We studied the computerized tomographic (CT) findings of patients with SFTP that could suggest a diagnosis of SFTP. Materials and Methods: At our hospital from January 1995 to June 2012, 39 patients with histologically confirmed SFTP were surgically treated; seven of them abutting the mediastinal pleura. The study group included seven patients aged between 53 and 81 years. Baseline CT scans were retrospectively reviewed to identify radiological findings suggestive of SFTP including: (1) smooth and sharply delineated contours; (2) obtuse, acute, or tapering angles between the lesion and the mediastinum depending on the size; (3) homogeneous soft-tissue attenuation; (4) “geographic pattern” due to the contemporary presence of large vessels, necrosis, and calcifications; (5) displacement of the lung parenchyma; (6) presence of a cleavage plane; and (7) absence of lymphadenopathy or pleural methastasis. Results: All tumors formed acute angles with the pleura. Six out of the seven presented smoothly tapering margins, three had a “geographic pattern” of attenuation and displaced the anterior junction line; one showed an outside junction line development. Four cases had a clear pleural origin. Conclusions: The possibility of SFTP should be taken into account when a mass abuts the mediastinum projecting inside the thoracic cavity in the presence of an intense and “geographical pattern” of enhancement without lymphoadenopathy or pleural metastasis. These findings assume greater significance in the presence of discrepancy between the size of the lesion and the clinical presentation

Common features between neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the biliary tract and the pancreas

The bile duct system and pancreas show many similarities due to their anatomical proximity and common embryological origin. Consequently, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bile duct and pancreas share analogies in terms of molecular, histological and pathophysiological features. Intraepithelial neoplasms are reported in biliary tract, as biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN), and in pancreas, as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN). Both can evolve to invasive carcinomas, respectively cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Intraductal papillary neoplasms arise in biliary tract and pancreas. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the biliary tract (IPNB) share common histologic and phenotypic features such as pancreatobiliary, gastric, intestinal and oncocytic types, and biological behavior with the pancreatic counterpart, the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN). All these neoplastic lesions exhibit similar immunohistochemical phenotypes, suggesting a common carcinogenic process. Indeed, CCA and PDAC display similar clinic-pathological features as growth pattern, poor response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and, as a consequence, an unfavorable prognosis. The objective of this review is to discuss similarities and differences between the neoplastic lesions of the pancreas and biliary tract with potential implications on a common origin from similar stem/progenitor cells

Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Cardiac Monitoring by Continuous Wave-Doppler Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitoring and Correlation to Echocardiography

Background: Anthracyclines are agents with a well-known cardiotoxicity. The study sought to evaluate the hemodynamic response to an anthracycline using real-time continuous-wave (CW)-Doppler ultrasound cardiac output monitoring (USCOM) and echocardiography in combination with serum biomarkers. Methods: 50 patients (26 male, 24 female, median age 59 years) suffering from various types of cancer received an anthracycline-based regimen. Patients' responses were measured at different time points (T0 prior to infusion, T1 6 h post infusion, T2 after 1 day, T3 after 7 days, and T4 after 3 months) with CW-Doppler ultrasound (T0-T4) and echocardiography (T1, T4) for hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV; SVUSCOM ml) and ejection fraction (EF; EFechocardiography%) and with NT-pro-BNP and hs-Troponin T (T0-T4). Results: During the 3-month observation period, the relative decrease in the EF determined by echocardiography was -2.1% (Delta T0-T4, T0 71 +/- 7.8%, T4 69.5 +/- 7%, p = 0.04), whereas the decrease in SV observed using CW-Doppler was -6.5% (Delta T0-T4, T0 54 +/- 19.2 ml, T4 50.5 +/- 20.6 ml, p = 0.14). The kinetics for serum biomarkers were inversely correlated. Conclusions: Combining real-time CW-Doppler USCOM and serum biomarkers is feasible for monitoring the immediate and chronic hemodynamic changes during an anthracycline-based regimen; the results obtained were comparable to those from echocardiography

RENEW-URBAN: COME ALBERI AL VENTO SOLARE

Il tema della riqualificazione del patrimonio edilizio residenziale esistente permette di affrontare alcune delle molteplici declinazioni del concetto di sostenibilità ambientale (riduzione delle risorse non rinnovabili e delle emissioni di CO2 in atmosfera) nei Paesi industrializzati, dove lo sviluppo di un economia orientata al profitto ha trasformato il costruito in un problema energetico planetario, rendendo impossibile una equilibrata convivenza fra uomo e natura. La volgarizzazione di modelli edilizi indifferenti ai luoghi ha causato il degrado del paesaggio urbano e il peggioramento delle condizioni di vita. L’evidente obsolescenza delle abitazioni realizzate dal dopoguerra in poi, responsabile di elevati consumi di energia, ha portato a progettare il recupero di un edificio a torre situato nel quartiere periferico San Paolo (Bari). L’innovativa proposta lo trasforma da elemento passivo ad elemento attivo per la produzione di energia elettrica e termica attraverso un up-grade architettonico determinante per il miglioramento di prestazioni estetiche, funzionali e spaziali. L’intervento di retrofit prevede l’installazione di un Kit Albero-Solare che, avvolgendo i fabbricati esistenti come una vera e propria “pelle solare”, introduce superfici ad hoc pensate per massimizzare la captazione di radiazione solare ed i benefici ambientali delle soluzioni proposte (muro verde, raccolta acqua meteoriche, sistemi di ombreggiamento etc.). Costituito da una serie integrata di sistemi solari attivi, sistemi passivi come serre solari o camminamenti esterni e sistemi di ventilazione, è indipendente dall’esposizione e dotato di flessibilità e replicabilità che lo rendono competitivo in termini di costi rispetto alle soluzioni più tradizionali. Gli elementi che lo compongono sono standardizzati, facili da assemblare grazie alla loro piccola dimensione e collaboranti ai fini del miglioramento delle caratteristiche strutturali dei manufatti. Grazie all’integrazione di tecnologie e materiali eco-compatibili e strumenti di calcolo all’avanguardia, la ricerca, finalizzata all'incremento dell'efficienza energetica dei contesti insediativi di margine, consente il pieno rispetto della normativa nazionale e regionale

CENTRE OF PRESSURE DURING COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP: IS IT RELATED TO EXPERTISE OR PERFORMANCE?

The purpose of this study was to investigate how specific variables related to the centre of pressure (CoP) trajectory during a countermovement jump (CMJ) carry information related to expertise and performance. The variables investigated were: lengths and average velocities during eccentric (Ecc) and concentric (Con) phases, medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) ranges of movement, and ML bias. In terms of expertise, the curves were tracked and compared over four jump sessions conducted by both experienced and inexperienced jumpers to investigate adaptive changes towards a more efficient way of jumping. Links between performance and those characteristics were also investigated. Our study indicated that no useful information related to either expertise or performance can be extracted from the CoP trajectory during a CMJ

Once daily levocetirizine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria

Levocetirizine is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of cetirizine. It is a potent histamine H-1 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. The review analyses the levocetirizine’s properties in terms of safety and efficacy both in allergic rhinitis and urticarioid syndromes